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PurposeFood festivals are prevalent for those passionate about food experience globally. More importantly, feedback from food reviewers on mass media platforms has been becoming a critical factor in facilitating the decision-making process of tourists in particular cities. Moreover, stimulating local tourism activities, thanks to food festivals, prove advantageous to the well-being of local habitants. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a general overview of food festival research trends in tourist cities, as tourism has the potential to contribute to targets in Goals 8, 12 and 14 on sustainable consumption and production and the sustainable use of resources, respectively, (UNWTO: World Tourism Organization).Design/methodology/approachThis study searched and filtered documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as used bibliometric analysis and other mathematical and statistical methods, to better understand the food festival research context between 1970 and 2021. The carriers with mathematical and statistical methods. VOSviewer algorithm was used to identify critical input for visualizing bibliometric networks and to create a framework for this academic food festival research.FindingsThe findings are primarily related to pre and post-COVID-19 research on food festivals worldwide. Furthermore, using an inductive approach, this paper reveals the impact of food festivals in cities and tourist behaviors. According to the findings, the food festival research trends are about "food festivals,” "slow food festivals” and "local food festivals.” Factor analysis is one of the most common analyses in this type of research. Other studies could use the findings and limitations to select appropriate themes and analysis approaches for their research topics.Research limitations/implicationsResearch data sets are mainly from articles that may not account for all actual trends during this pandemic.Originality/valueThis review expects to provide insights into food festivals and help future researchers to recognize several research gaps such as the lack of research on food festival manufacturers and producers or the consistency in visitors' aspect research of quality service, visitors' loyal intentions, satisfaction and culinary experience. The tourism industry can find research trends of food festivals and issues following COVID-19 to find their management styles to fit the context of the post-COVID-19 pandemic, facilitating organizing a safe and effective food festival.
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This empirical study aims to study the seismic shift in the post-COVID travel behaviour of Indian tourists due to demographic variables. Secondly, it analyzes the effects of travel restrictions on tourists' travel plans. This study is based on primary data, a systematic literature review, and experts' opinions on the tourism area. A web-based and offline survey was done using the purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, an independent t-test, and the analysis of variance technique. The data analysis revealed stunning results, where no significant difference was found in the travellers' behaviours according to their gender and marital status. However, the travellers' age, education, occupation, annual family income, and purpose of travel greatly influence their travel behaviour. It was found that travel restrictions significantly impacted the travel plans of the travellers, and travellers did not want to resume travelling for at least six months. Travellers postponed and sometimes cancelled their travel plans till they could find some safe options for travel. To overcome this situation, travel suppliers can customize their products to tourists' "new " behaviour, focusing on respective demographic variables and the effects of travel restrictions on their travel plans following the age of acceleration. Yet, the small sample size of the study would limit the generalization of this research. Further, this study may be conducted in other industries, such as retail, to identify consumer post-COVID purchasing behaviour changes.
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Tourism is one of the industries that have an important role for Indonesia, especially in its economic development which has unlimited development potential [1]. Sustainable tourism is believed to be the most suitable concept for the industry in the new normal era which is supposed to make less crowd and interaction [2]. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing the largest proportional decline in sustainable tourism by 56% [3]. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of the motivation and behavior of domestic tourists on sustainable tourism as an effort to restore the economy of the Indonesian tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is not only the responsibility of the government and tourism stakeholders, but also the responsibility of Indonesian citizens as tourism consumers to be able to consciously participate in reviving and maintaining the sustainability of this important industry. This research uses questionnaire as data collection methods and multiple linear regression as main analysis methods. The sample of the research is 122 domestic tourists who have knowledge of sustainable tourism. Furthermore, this research contributes to creating a better sustainable tourism development strategy by understanding and increasing awareness about sustainable tourism not only from the side of tourism supply but also from the demand side. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Most admired and exotic tourist destinations around the globe are distress from challenges posed by overtourism, which in turn affect the well-being of nature and humans. The causes of overtourism are many but social media can be considered as the foremost reason for overtourism in the era of web 2.0. This chapter aims to address the role of social media in transforming the behavior of tourist by descriptive research approach using secondary sources of information collected from e-resources, journals, articles, and books. It has been concluded from the literature analysis that social media plays a tremendous part in transforming the behavior of tourist due to the craze of user-generated content like reviews, selfies, photographs, visuals, and lots more. A positive attempt has been made to suggest ways to combat overtourism. Tourist behavior has been changed due to the novel coronavirus. Impact of COVID-19 on overtourism has also been touched to provide insight. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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How does the suffering of a whole industry influence people's attitudes toward that industry? This research is the first, across disciplines, to examine this question. The authors provide the first conceptual study and empirical test for the phenomenon called tourism solidarity. Based on seminal social psychology research, tourism solidarity is conceptualized and defined as an individual's compassion with and support of an industry, resulting from an observation of suffering. The authors use a covariance-based structural equation model as well as a novel Bayesian estimation approach (i.e., non-parametric) to develop a reliable and easy-to-apply tourism solidarity scale and assess its role of solidarity in two consecutive empirical studies. By doing so, the authors are able to empirically demonstrate the importance of tourism solidarity for tourist behavior, and provide both tourism researchers and practitioners with a conceptual model and measurement tool to assess, quantify and actively manage solidarity toward the tourism industry. © The Author(s) 2023.
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Tourist decision-making has been heavily affected by the pandemic crisis, which increases the complexity of the tourism business operations and shakes the foundations of tourism sustainable development. Thus, studying and comprehension of tourists' behaviors, including the purchasing decisions, and incorporating this knowledge into the strategies of tourism companies, has a key importance to the organizations' survival during hard times. The article contains the characteristics of tourist behavior schemes related to decision-making in buying package holidays during COVID-19 crisis. The study was based on analysis of the results of a computer assisted web interview using the CAWI method, conducted among 1502 Poles using the classification tree method (the R statistical package and the RPART library). Research allowed us to identify the four purchase decision-making patterns and to describe four segments of holidaymakers' buying according to these patterns. In the profiling process, nine demographic and social variables were used, including gender, age, education, residence, marital status, number of all household members, minor children in a household, assessment of own financial standing, and professional situation. The results of the analysis confirm the existence of a relationship between (1) the research online purchase offline behavior and the age, the number of children under 18 in the household, and the marital status of the package holidays buyers, (2) the research offline purchase online behavior and the age and the number of children up to 18 in the households of the buyers of tourist packages, (3) the research offline purchase offline behavior and the age, the number of children under 18 in the household, the assessment of the financial situation, and sex of the buyers of tourist packages, and (4) the research offline purchase online behavior and the age and assessment of financial situation of package holidays purchasers. © 2023 by the authors.
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Inaccurate promotional information about tourist destinations may result in tourists' negative evaluations. This study proposes a new approach to measure the congruence between projected and received images of a destination's attractions. Based on online textual data, this study investigates how image congruence influences tourists' evaluations of their destination experiences. Using promotional messages and reviews of attractions in Hainan, China obtained from a leading Chinese online travel agency (Ctrip) and a three-way fixed-effects regression model, this study demonstrates that image congruence positively affects tourists' appraisal of their destination experiences. External crises (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic), the readability of promotional messages, and tourists' expertise moderate this relationship, reducing the positive impact of image congruence on tourist experience evaluation. This study bridges theoretical and empirical gaps in destination image (in)congruence research, informing tourism marketing agencies of effective promotional strategies in different contexts. © 2023
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The Covid-19 pandemic was a major shock to tourism around the world and in Slo-venia. The number of tourist trips and overnight stays dropped sharply, and tourist flows were diverted. The paper presents the results of a survey, the aim of which was to deepen the knowledge about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourist behavior of the Slovenian population. The results show that the pandemic influenced less frequent and shorter tourist trips and the choice of different tourist destinations. Travel decisions were influenced by both the role of epidemiological restrictions and perceptions of the safety of various forms of tourist travel, as well as the usual factors of tourist decision making. © 2022, University of Ljubljana Press. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: This research intended to investigate the motivation and behavior of free independent travelers (FITs) who traveled to Southern Thailand in the Covid-19 pandemic. Theoretical framework: Studies on tourist motivation and behavior would provide more insightful implications and Covid-19 safeguards for tourism businesses especially in Southern Thailand – a dominant destination for domestic tourism demand. Design/methodology/approach: Data was collected from 400 domestic FITs using a questionnaire survey, processed in SPSS software, and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and One-way ANOVA. Findings: The highest level of overall pull and push motivations of domestic FITs while traveling to Southern Thailand. The highest level of pull motivation identified in this study was a promotional scheme, called "WE TRAVEL TOGETHER” the government-subsidized 40% of accommodation expenses to increase tourism demand. Research, Practical & Social implications: Comparative responses to SHA Plus standard between domestic and international tourists using both qualitative and quantitative data from all stakeholders involved would provide a variety of insightful and beneficial perspectives on NNT in the Covid-19 pandemic. Originality/value: CCSA should pay more attention on this particular behavior of tourists which might easily spread the disease to others. Everyone should be more aware of this risk and show their greater responsible practice in society. © 2022 AOS-Estratagia and Inovacao. All rights reserved.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of prospective tourists through parameters by which the tourism and hospitality service sector can withstand the widespread implications to the sector as a result of the current pandemic. In turn this will lead to weighing up the means for recovery. The identified parameters are then classified, categorized and linked up with supply chain drivers to obtain a holistic picture that can feed into strategic planning from which the tourism and hospitality service sector could utilize to establish a resilient supply chain. This data can provide deep insight for both theorists and practitioners to utilize. It was found that reforming six supply chain drivers, whilst at the same time developing core competencies, is the central essence of a resilient supply chain within the tourism and hospitality business sector (who are at present working hard to counterbalance the many threats and consequent risks posed due to the pandemic).
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This study aims to identify the characteristics and behaviors of Thai tourists during the pandemic, to investigate the marketing factors in tourism affecting their hotel reservations during the pandemic, and to analyze which marketing factors in tourism have affected their decisions on hotel reservations during the pandemic. Online questionnaires were used to collect data from 385 people. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the hypotheses were tested by inferential statistics. The results indicated that Thai tourists considered significant factors in tourism marketing. It included hotel products, room rates, reservation channels, promotions, personnel, features, and services. Furthermore, the hypothesis test indicated that Thai tourists had different hotel reservation behaviors during the pandemic. Gender, age, region, occupation, monthly income, travel goal, accommodation type, length of stay, travel companion, and reservation channel played a statistically significant role at 0.05. Therefore, this study will support hoteliers in planning their strategy to handle situations during the pandemic and prepare for another health crisis in the future. Furthermore, it will benefit the hotel industry by showing ways to develop and improve their products and services to meet tourist demand during a pandemic. © 2023, ASERS Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Consequent to the COVID-19 pandemic and the reopening of international borders, tourists are increasingly concerned about sanitation and hygiene practices in tourism destinations. There is an evident need to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed tourist choices. This paper investigates the perceptions of hotel staff and tourists on the influence of inclusive water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices on tourists' hotel choices in Fiji. This study explores the value of Q-methodology through a case study of Fiji with data collected from 80 hotel staff and 75 tourists. The findings demonstrate that Q-methodology is effective in identifying three tourist types who have a strong interest in WASH impacts and aspects of their safety including concerns about how their visit impacts the local community and environment. Similarly, the Q method was useful in identifying four perspectives of staff understanding on WASH impacts that are significant to tourists' choice of hotel. The findings suggest a significant potential for hotel operators to enact socially inclusive WASH practices to enhance their appeal in the ‘new normal'. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the reasons for the shutdown of a mobile night market during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of tourists was obviously one of the causes but social reasons must also exist. The study investigates territoriality, collectivization and human relations in urban social spaces which are essential for the sustainability of a market than solely short-term profit and unconnected customers. Design/methodology/approach: In this study qualitative methods are used, including reviewing contents, semi-structured interviews with vendors and customers, and informant interviews. Findings: Drawing from urban space theories, this paper argues that trendy markets catering for diverse market segments sustain their business. Once the market has shifted away from local Thai customers to main tourists, it loses its base and becomes vulnerable in territoriality negotiation. Practical implications: The findings and model provide practice information for local authorities, town planners and night market operators in the design of open-air marketplaces. Such knowledge pinpoints the importance of connecting place and people in order to sustain a business. Originality/value: Studies on mobile marketplaces are rare. The findings address the "detaching” process and consequence from the perspective of place attachment. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2021-0218. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Purpose: This paper aims to examine tourists' behavioral changes in response to health crises, this study examines the individual's uncertainty and adaptability to the challenges using behavioral coping strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study combines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and protection motivation theory. Using the PLS-SEM technique, this study examines the relationship between the destination's competitive profits and travel intention of Iranian tourists in the post-Covid-19 pandemic. Findings: The social-support coping (Instrumental) does not incorporate tourists' adaptive behaviors. Vulnerable vaccination significantly affects the extremeness of an individual's problem-focused coping, which affects tourist's adaptive behaviors in crisis time, indicating the effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccination on travel intention. Research limitations/implications: The findings may assist tourism authorities and planners develop unique tourism products and services based on tourist behavior following the health crises. Originality/value: This study contributes to development of the TPB method, indicating that visa exemption and competitive profits of a destination would motivate travel intention existing inefficacy of local government and its negative background, reshaping and thus influencing changing behavior. © 2022, Amir Hossein Qezelbash, Sarasadat Makian and Rasoul Shahabi Sorman Abadi.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the tourism products offered, the tourism services offered and the promotional activities offered whether directly or indirectly affect the interest of tourists to visit during the Pandemic through product pricing strategies. In this study, the only variables that exist are marketing activities of tourism services or services such as products offered, tourist services offered and promotional activities, which only focus on explaining the effect of these three variables on tourist interest in visiting tourist attractions during a pandemic, while the variable intervening marketing activities or the marketing mix of product pricing strategies that are the connecting variables that affect tourist interest in visiting tourist attractions during a pandemic. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method using path analysis. In this study, the independent variables are marketing activities or marketing mix such as: tourism services such as, products offered, tourism services offered and promotional activities to be carried out, while for the intervening variable is the marketing activity variable, namely the product pricing strategy and the dependent variable is the interest of tourists visiting during a pandemic using SPSS 20. Partially, only the variables of promotional activities carried out have a positive and significant effect on the variableproduct pricing strategies during a pandemic as well as variables of tourist interest in visiting during a pandemic. Meanwhile, simultaneously, the variables of the products offered, the tourism services offered and the promotional activities that will be carried out have a positive and significant effect on the variable of tourist interest in visiting during the pandemic through the variable pricing strategy of the product during the pandemic as an intervening variable. Through the results of research, it has been stated that the products and services offered through online marketing during the pandemic have not been able to increase the interest of tourists to visit tourist attractions during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the owners of tourist attractions must carry out vigorous promotional activities so that tourists are interested in visiting. Tourist attractions, thus influencing the pricing strategy that will be applied to tourism products and services. © 2022 Editura Universitatii din Oradea. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: Food festivals are prevalent for those passionate about food experience globally. More importantly, feedback from food reviewers on mass media platforms has been becoming a critical factor in facilitating the decision-making process of tourists in particular cities. Moreover, stimulating local tourism activities, thanks to food festivals, prove advantageous to the well-being of local habitants. The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a general overview of food festival research trends in tourist cities, as tourism has the potential to contribute to targets in Goals 8, 12 and 14 on sustainable consumption and production and the sustainable use of resources, respectively, (UNWTO: World Tourism Organization). Design/methodology/approach: This study searched and filtered documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as used bibliometric analysis and other mathematical and statistical methods, to better understand the food festival research context between 1970 and 2021. The carriers with mathematical and statistical methods. VOSviewer algorithm was used to identify critical input for visualizing bibliometric networks and to create a framework for this academic food festival research. Findings: The findings are primarily related to pre and post-COVID-19 research on food festivals worldwide. Furthermore, using an inductive approach, this paper reveals the impact of food festivals in cities and tourist behaviors. According to the findings, the food festival research trends are about “food festivals,” “slow food festivals” and “local food festivals.” Factor analysis is one of the most common analyses in this type of research. Other studies could use the findings and limitations to select appropriate themes and analysis approaches for their research topics. Research limitations/implications: Research data sets are mainly from articles that may not account for all actual trends during this pandemic. Originality/value: This review expects to provide insights into food festivals and help future researchers to recognize several research gaps such as the lack of research on food festival manufacturers and producers or the consistency in visitors' aspect research of quality service, visitors' loyal intentions, satisfaction and culinary experience. The tourism industry can find research trends of food festivals and issues following COVID-19 to find their management styles to fit the context of the post-COVID-19 pandemic, facilitating organizing a safe and effective food festival. © 2022, International Tourism Studies Association.
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Although tourism, as a system, develops risk prevention and mitigation strategies, the direct, indirect, and induced generated shock by the Covid-19 pandemic is different when compared to previous high-impact events. This pandemic is more intense and conducive to structural changes. In this context, tourists’ perceptions affect their behaviour and decisions, with adverse results in Tourism consumption, and the safety, protection, and health risks generate a cause-effect relationship on the specificities of destinations, the valences of infrastructure, compliance with protocols, and the adoption of good practices (Seabra et al. in Int J Tour Cities 7:463–491, [1]). The prevailing opinion amongst specialists is that Tourism will only reach pre-Covid levels between 2023 and 2024 whereby the proposed approach and methodology prove to be opportune because they allow a more detailed knowledge of the characterization of demand and constitute a relevant information base for structuring the offer. Thus, through the systematic review of the literature, it is relevant to approach the behaviour of tourists in a post-pandemic context, through the meta-analysis of studies carried out in 2020 and 2021, emphasizing the conclusions obtained, the dynamics of their comparison, and their potential impact. The results achieved suggest the need to readjust models, methods, and processes, as well as to reconfigure means and interactions, in order to add value in the design of instruments, in the implementation of solutions and, in the management of expectations. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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The tourism industry is being severely affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper aims to analyse how the COVID-19 pandemic affects the behaviour of Portuguese tourists towards travels and how the likelihood of their intention to deeply change behaviour is different according to their sociodemographic characteristics, the pattern of past trips, and the level that it has affected their life and work. With the results of a survey, factor analysis was made and with the scores of the extracted factors, logistic models were estimated. The results suggest that the Portuguese tourists are mainly concerned about health and safety in travel and the likelihood of having a major concern is greater for women and for those most affected by the pandemic, varying also with age. The chance of reducing more their travel plans is also higher for individuals who have been deeply affected by the pandemic. This research highlights the potential changes in tourists behaviour due to the pandemic and recommends some policies and practices for the sector. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Today, tourism plays an important role in the economic and financial development of countries, and its impact is greater than ever. Therefore, for sustainable economic and financial growth and well-planned development, public and private investments should be directed to areas of priority tourism development. Research on the effect of perceptions on the behavior of tourists in these two countries has not been carried out before, thus, the purpose of this research is to determine whether the effects of the perception of tourists has an impact on economic and financial development based on factors (F1 (f.1.1 and f.1.2) and F2 (f.2.1 and f. 2.2)). For this study, the data were provided by respondents from several cities in Albania and Kosovo. A total of 1002 questionnaires divided into three sessions were analyzed using factor analysis, data reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. In this case, 23 variables were tested and divided into two factors and five sub-factors. The results showed that special attention should be paid to the following factors: (a) awareness of tourists of facilities in tourist destinations where they would like to visit;(b) greater knowledge of foreign languages for residents of both countries, which could facilitate communication with tourists during purchases or other requests;(c) attracting new investors and the creation by the government bodies of conditions and security for both investors and tourists;(d) supporting the marketing and sale of local products for tourists;(e) the need for infrastructure support from government bodies in both countries in order to increase economic and financial well-being through tourism;(f) the need to implement strategies focusing on the sustainable development of both countries through tourism should be strengthened;(g) in terms of sustainable development and regional competitiveness, Kosovo and Albania should follow development trends and be competitive with other countries in the region. The implications of this paper relate only to certain studied variables, and only in certain cities of Albania and Kosovo. In case of future analysis by different researchers, other variables can be analyzed for different locales by making comparisons with the presented data.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the drivers and barriers of travel behavior associated with tourist behavior during/post-COVID-19 pandemic to provide a knowledge base as well as an agenda for future research. Design/methodology/approach: The authors utilized the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) technique for searching the articles published in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus, to identify the main drivers and barriers affecting the tourist behavior during/post-COVID-19 pandemic. Eventually, 47 articles were chosen for the final analysis. Findings: The findings are reported in three sections, (1) quantitative research profile, (2) qualitative synthesis and (3) future agenda. This study addresses the nuanced questions regarding the significant change in tourist travel behavior, emotional dynamics and a detailed understanding of mechanisms, such as which drivers and barriers affect tourist behavior in a particular destination. Drivers and barriers to tourist travel behavior were characterized in personal-related, destination-related, and health-related factors. Moreover, this study provides thought-provoking ideas in theory, policy and practice in the field of tourism and hospitality. Research limitations/implications: This study has three limitations, as follows. First, the authors searched only two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, due to which the authors might be missing some related studies existing on the other databases. Although these databases provide an extensive range of academic literature, further studies could extend the data collection from the other databases (e.g. via Taylor & Francis). However, our systematic literature review (SLR) coverage is quite extensive, since journals are listed on these three main databases. Second, the authors followed a main study search protocol based on the synonyms and related keywords, however, some of the studies that may be related to the tourist behavior towards the destination are missing on account of the lack of our keywords in there, title, author, keyword and . Furthermore, future research could endeavor to add other keywords to expand the results of studies. Third, although the accurate analysis was conducted to reduce subjectivity in identifying themes for drivers and barriers of tourist behavior, future studies on categorization could work to ensure that other sub-themes categorize. Practical implications: The recent study has some key practical implications. First, this study is valuable for all the stakeholders in a unique way, including destination managers, academicians and policymakers, because it provides insight into barriers and drivers that influence the development of tourist behavior towards the destination. Second, the current study also offers practical implications for people involved in tourism service industries including governments and private businesses. Policymakers and other leaders are increasingly interested in harnessing the economic potential of tourism. Therefore, identifying the barrier which is inhibiting the tourist traffic towards the destination is beneficial to understand and effectively develop strategies to minimize the effect of such factors. Moreover, drivers and barriers of tourist behavior towards the destination in the COVID-19 pandemic situation towards the destination may help to create a framework for the development of destinations according to the current vulnerable situation. Third, current findings suggest that tourism marketers understand the drivers and barrier constructs found in this study and tailor their marketing strategies for attracting existing and new tourists. For instance, marketers should understand the drivers and barriers of tourist behavior for effective strategy development to increase the positive effect of drivers and to reduce the negative effect of barriers. Originality/value: This is the first systematic literature review on the impact of drivers and barriers of tourist travel behavior. This paper analyses the methods and approaches that have been used in the p evious literature to examine the drivers and barriers of tourist travel behavior. The paper ends with the research implication and limitations of the studies. © 2022, Naveed Ahmad, Amran Harun, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Khizar, Junaid Khalid and Shumaila Khan.